Legal Reasoning Questions for CLAT | QB Set 54

Recently, Parliament passed the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026, after it was approved by both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. However, the mere passage of a Bill by Parliament does not make it a law.

Under the Indian constitutional framework, a Bill becomes law only after receiving the assent of the President. Once passed by both Houses, the Bill is sent to the President, who may either give assent, withhold assent, or return the Bill (except in the case of a Money Bill) for reconsideration.

If a Bill is returned and passed again by both Houses, the President is bound to give assent. Different types of Bills follow different procedures. A Money Bill can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha and requires prior recommendation of the President. The Rajya Sabha cannot reject a Money Bill but can only make recommendations within 14 days. An Ordinary Bill, on the other hand, requires passage in both Houses, and disagreements may lead to a joint sitting.

Further, a Constitutional Amendment Bill requires a special majority and, in certain cases, ratification by States. Thus, the process of a Bill becoming law involves several constitutional stages, and different situations may affect whether and when it becomes enforceable.

Q1.

An Ordinary Bill is passed by both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha and is sent to the President. The President does not take any action on the Bill for an indefinite period. There is no constitutional time limit for Presidential action. In such a situation, which of the following is the most accurate legal position?

A. The Bill does not become law and remains pending indefinitely
B. The Bill automatically becomes law after a reasonable time
C. The Bill is deemed to have been rejected
D. The Bill lapses due to inaction

Answer: A

Q2.

An Ordinary Bill passed by both Houses is sent to the President. The President returns the Bill with suggestions for reconsideration. Parliament debates the Bill again but passes it without incorporating any of the suggested changes. What is the constitutional position regarding the President’s role thereafter?

A. The President may again return the Bill for reconsideration
B. The President must give assent to the Bill
C. The Bill must be referred to the Supreme Court
D. The Bill requires approval of the Council of Ministers again

Answer: B

Q3.

A Money Bill concerning taxation is introduced in the Lok Sabha after obtaining prior recommendation of the President. It is passed by the Lok Sabha and then sent to the Rajya Sabha. The Rajya Sabha suggests certain amendments within 14 days, but the Lok Sabha rejects all of them. The Bill is then presented to the President. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The Bill fails due to disagreement between the Houses
B. A joint sitting must be called to resolve the disagreement
C. The Bill is deemed to have been passed in the form approved by the Lok Sabha
D. The President must reconsider the amendments suggested by the Rajya Sabha

Answer: C

Q4.

An Ordinary Bill is passed by the Lok Sabha but is rejected by the Rajya Sabha. After six months, the Lok Sabha passes the same Bill again, but the Rajya Sabha continues to reject it. In order to resolve this legislative deadlock, which of the following constitutional mechanisms may be invoked?

A. The President may directly give assent to the Bill
B. The Bill automatically becomes law after repeated passage by Lok Sabha
C. The Supreme Court may direct enactment of the Bill
D. A joint sitting of both Houses may be convened

Answer: D

Q5.

A Constitutional Amendment Bill seeking to amend a provision affecting federal structure is passed in both Houses of Parliament by a simple majority. It is then sent to the President, who gives assent. Subsequently, it is challenged in court. What is the correct legal position?

A. The amendment is valid because Presidential assent cures all defects
B. The amendment is valid as Parliament has legislative supremacy
C. The amendment is valid unless challenged within a limitation period
D. The amendment is invalid due to failure to meet the required special majority

Answer: D