Logical Reasoning Questions for CLAT | QB Set 43

The burgeoning field of quantum computing has garnered significant attention due to its potential to revolutionize various sectors, from cryptography to material science. Quantum computers leverage the principles of quantum mechanics, utilizing qubits that can exist simultaneously in multiple states, unlike classical bits which are either 0 or 1. This unique property, known as superposition, coupled with entanglement, allows quantum computers to perform complex calculations at unprecedented speeds.

Despite its promise, the path to practical quantum computing is fraught with challenges. One of the foremost obstacles is qubit coherence. Qubits are highly susceptible to environmental noise, which can cause decoherence, disrupting their quantum state and leading to errors in computation. Researchers are exploring various approaches to mitigate this, such as error-correcting codes and isolating qubits from environmental interference.

Another significant hurdle is scalability. Current quantum computers operate with a relatively small number of qubits. Scaling up to a quantum computer capable of outperforming classical supercomputers requires robust systems that can handle thousands, if not millions, of qubits. This necessitates advancements in quantum hardware and the development of sophisticated algorithms to manage and optimize qubit interactions.

The potential applications of quantum computing are vast. In cryptography, for instance, quantum computers could break current encryption methods, necessitating the development of quantum-resistant algorithms. In material science, quantum simulations could lead to the discovery of new materials with novel properties, revolutionizing industries from pharmaceuticals to energy.

However, the realization of these applications depends on overcoming the technical challenges that currently impede progress. The global race to achieve quantum supremacy—where a quantum computer can solve a problem faster than the best classical computers—reflects the high stakes involved. Countries and corporations are investing heavily in research and development, aiming to be at the forefront of this technological frontier.

1. Which inference can be drawn from the passage regarding the susceptibility of qubits to environmental noise?

A. Qubits can maintain their quantum state indefinitely without any interference.

B. Environmental noise has no significant impact on qubits.

C. Decoherence caused by environmental noise is a major challenge in quantum computing.

D. Isolating qubits from environmental noise completely eliminates errors in computation.

2. What is the conclusion drawn from the sentence: “The global race to achieve quantum supremacy reflects the high stakes involved”?

A. Only a few countries are interested in quantum computing research.

B. Quantum supremacy is the ultimate goal of all technological research.

C. Achieving quantum supremacy has significant implications and benefits, driving intense global competition.

D. The global race is not significant in the context of technological advancements.

3. The author would most likely agree with all the following statements except:

A. Quantum computing has the potential to outperform classical supercomputers.

B. The development of quantum-resistant algorithms is unnecessary.

C. Advancements in quantum hardware are essential for scaling up quantum computers.

D. Overcoming qubit coherence and scalability issues is critical for practical quantum computing.

4. Which of the following scenarios is most parallel to the challenges faced in scaling up quantum computers?

A. Developing a new type of fuel that can power cars more efficiently.

B. Building a skyscraper that can withstand earthquakes by using innovative construction materials.

C. Creating a software that can run on multiple operating systems without any modifications.

D. Designing a new transportation system that requires an entirely new infrastructure to be effective.

5. Which of the following would most strengthen the author’s argument about the potential impact of quantum computing on cryptography?

A. Evidence that current encryption methods are already vulnerable to classical supercomputers.

B. Studies showing that quantum computers have successfully broken existing encryption algorithms.

C. Research indicating that quantum-resistant algorithms are currently under development.

D. Data demonstrating that quantum computers are significantly slower than expected.