Logical Reasoning Questions for CLAT | QB Set 92 [Assertion-Reasoning Questions]

In a constitutional democracy like India, the separation of powers ensures that the legislature, executive, and judiciary function within defined boundaries. While Parliament has wide powers to amend the Constitution under Article 368, such power is not unlimited. The Supreme Court, in several landmark judgments, has evolved the Basic Structure doctrine, holding that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered even by a constitutional amendment.

Judicial review is considered one of these essential features. It empowers courts to examine the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions. This ensures that laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights or other constitutional provisions can be struck down.

However, the Constitution also recognises parliamentary supremacy within its domain. Parliament represents the will of the people and is entrusted with law-making authority. Yet, this authority must operate within constitutional limitations.

Further, while Fundamental Rights under Part III are enforceable through Article 32, they are not absolute. Reasonable restrictions may be imposed in the interests of public order, morality, security of the State, and other specified grounds.

Thus, the Indian constitutional framework balances democratic governance with constitutional supremacy, ensuring that no organ becomes all-powerful.

Directions (for Q1–Q10):

For each question, select the correct option:

A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

Q1.

Assertion (A): Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution.
Reason (R): The Basic Structure doctrine limits Parliament’s amending power.

Answer: C

Q2.

Assertion (A): Judicial review weakens democracy.
Reason (R): Judicial review ensures that laws remain consistent with the Constitution.

Answer: D

Q3.

Assertion (A): Judicial review is considered part of the Basic Structure of the Constitution.
Reason (R): It enables courts to invalidate unconstitutional laws.

Answer: A

Q4.

Assertion (A): Fundamental Rights are completely unrestricted.
Reason (R): The Constitution permits reasonable restrictions on Fundamental Rights.

Answer: B

Q5.

Assertion (A): Parliament’s authority is entirely unrestricted under the Constitution.
Reason (R): Parliament represents the will of the people.

Answer: D

Q6.

Assertion (A): The Indian Constitution promotes absolute parliamentary supremacy.
Reason (R): Parliament must function within constitutional limitations.

Answer: C

Q7.

Assertion (A): Article 32 provides a remedy for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Reason (R): Fundamental Rights are enforceable in courts.

Answer: B

Q8.

Assertion (A): The Constitution establishes a balance between democratic governance and constitutional supremacy.
Reason (R): No organ of the State is allowed to become all-powerful.

Answer: A

Q9.

Assertion (A): The judiciary cannot examine executive actions.
Reason (R): Judicial review extends to executive actions.

Answer: D

Q10.

Assertion (A): The Basic Structure doctrine strengthens unlimited parliamentary power.
Reason (R): It prevents alteration of essential constitutional features.

Answer: D