Indira Gandhi, the former prime minister of India, was assassinated on 31 October 1984 at her residence in New Delhi. This tragic event occurred after Operation Blue Star, a military operation aimed at removing Sikh militants from the Golden Temple in Punjab. The assassination led to anti-Sikh riots across India, caused political and social repercussions, and intensified the demand for a separate Sikh state.
Why in News?
A video of a pro-Khalistan parade in Canada, featuring objectionable imagery of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, has gone viral on social media. India strongly reacted to this incident, and the Foreign Minister criticized Canada for allowing such a display.
Operation Blue Star
Operation Blue Star was a large-scale military operation conducted between 1 and 8 June 1984. It was ordered by Indira Gandhi to remove Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his Sikh followers from the Harmandir Sahib complex in Amritsar, Punjab.
Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
Bhindranwale, a charismatic Sikh preacher and leader of the Akali Dal (Mann) political faction, advocated for greater autonomy and rights for Sikhs in India. He had also been accused of inciting violence against Hindus and moderate Sikhs in Punjab. Bhindranwale and his followers sought refuge in the Golden Temple complex, fortifying it with weapons and ammunition.
Reason for Operation
Despite attempts to negotiate a peaceful resolution, Indira Gandhi decided to launch Operation Blue Star to flush out Bhindranwale and his supporters from the Golden Temple. Lt. Gen. Kuldip Singh Brar was entrusted with the operation, which involved around 10,000 troops, including paratroopers and commandos.
The Operation
The operation began on 3 June 1984, with a curfew imposed in Punjab and a media blackout. The army faced resistance from armed militants outside the Golden Temple complex while securing the outer perimeter. On 5 June 1984, using tanks, armoured vehicles, and helicopters, the army entered the complex. They encountered strong resistance from Bhindranwale and his followers but managed to clear the complex on 8 June 1984 after intense fighting.
Casualties and Damage
The operation resulted in significant casualties. Official figures state that 83 army personnel were killed and 249 injured, while 493 militants were killed and 86 captured. However, unofficial estimates vary widely. The operation also caused collateral damage to civilians and pilgrims inside the complex. The exact number of civilian casualties remains unknown, but it is believed to be high. The Golden Temple complex, including the Akal Takht, suffered extensive damage during the operation.
Criticism and Repercussions
Operation Blue Star drew widespread criticism within India and internationally. It was seen as a violation of human rights, religious freedom, and national sovereignty. Many Sikhs felt betrayed and humiliated, while other communities considered the operation unnecessary and excessive. The incident tarnished India’s image and reputation globally, with accusations of disproportionate and indiscriminate use of force against its own citizens.
Conclusion
The assassination of Indira Gandhi and Operation Blue Star had far-reaching consequences. It triggered anti-Sikh riots, led to political and social changes in India, and fueled the demand for a separate Sikh state. The events surrounding Operation Blue Star continue to be remembered as a dark chapter in India’s history.
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