The Judicial Process in India

In the intricate tapestry of the judicial process, two principles stand as pillars – the Doctrine of Precedence and Res Judicata. These principles ensure consistency, certainty and fairness in the legal realm, safeguarding the rights of individuals and maintaining the integrity of the justice system. 

Let’s explore these principles and understand how they contribute to the functioning of the courts.

The Doctrine of Precedence

Imagine building a house of cards. Each card relies on the one below it for stability. Similarly, the Doctrine of Precedence ensures that the decisions made by higher courts provide a strong foundation for the decisions of lower courts.

Higher Court’s Influence

According to this doctrine, lower courts are bound to follow the decisions of higher courts. This creates a hierarchy where decisions of higher courts become the guiding principles for lower courts. Just as a trailblazer lights the way for others, higher courts illuminate the path for lower courts to make consistent and fair decisions.

Courts at the Same Level

Even among courts at the same level, like different High Courts, their decisions hold persuasive value. While not binding, these decisions influence the interpretation and application of the law. This principle aims to ensure that the legal landscape remains clear and coherent, avoiding conflicting judgments.

Res Judicata

Imagine a puzzle where each piece fits together perfectly. Res Judicata ensures that the puzzle is complete and that pieces aren’t repeated unnecessarily.

Finality of Decisions

Res Judicata translates to “a matter already judged.” This principle asserts that once a matter has been finally decided by a competent court, it cannot be re-litigated repeatedly. Just as a story has an end, Res Judicata signifies the finality of a legal matter. This principle prevents individuals from being harassed by repetitive lawsuits on the same issue.

Promoting Justice

Res Judicata not only prevents redundant litigation but also promotes justice. It ensures that parties get a fair chance to present their case and prevents them from being subjected to endless legal battles. This principle supports the fundamental idea that once a dispute is resolved, it should remain resolved.

Conclusion

The Doctrine of Precedence and Res Judicata are the cornerstones of a just and efficient legal system. These principles create a framework that promotes consistency, certainty and fairness in court decisions.