Why do Courts Matter?

The judiciary, as the backbone of democracy, plays a pivotal role in ensuring justice, upholding constitutional values, and maintaining social order in India. Courts act as arbiters in disputes, protectors of individual rights, and guardians of the Constitution. They play an indispensable role in shaping a fair and just society. This article explores why courts matter in India and their profound impact on governance, individual rights, and society at large.

Safeguarding Constitutional Values

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, and courts are its custodians. The judiciary ensures that all laws and policies align with constitutional principles. Through judicial review, courts strike down laws or executive actions that violate fundamental rights or exceed constitutional authority. This function is essential to prevent the abuse of power and to protect democracy.

For instance, landmark judgements like Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala established the “basic structure doctrine,” ensuring that the core principles of the Constitution cannot be amended, thereby safeguarding the integrity of Indian democracy.

Protecting Fundamental Rights

The judiciary plays a critical role in protecting the fundamental rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution. Courts ensure that individuals can approach them through mechanisms like writ petitions (Article 32 for the Supreme Court and Article 226 for High Courts) if their rights are violated.

In cases such as Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, the Supreme Court expanded the scope of Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty), emphasising that it includes the right to live with dignity and the right to privacy. This demonstrates how courts act as protectors of individual freedoms in India.

Ensuring Rule of Law

In a democratic setup, the rule of law is the foundation of governance. Courts ensure that no one is above the law, not even the government. By holding the executive and legislature accountable, the judiciary guarantees transparency and fairness in public administration.

For example, the judiciary’s intervention in the Coal Allocation Scam and the 2G Spectrum Case exposed massive corruption, leading to systemic reforms. This underscores the judiciary’s role in upholding accountability.

Resolving Disputes

Courts are the ultimate forum for resolving disputes in society. Whether it’s civil cases, criminal matters, or public interest litigation, courts provide a structured process to address conflicts. This dispute resolution mechanism prevents individuals and groups from taking the law into their own hands, ensuring social harmony.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods, like arbitration and mediation encouraged by the judiciary, further expedite the resolution of disputes, reducing the burden on courts.

Guardians of Social Justice

Indian courts have been instrumental in promoting social justice and addressing inequalities in society. Through progressive interpretations of the Constitution, the judiciary has worked to uplift marginalised communities and ensure equitable development.

Judgements like Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan laid down guidelines to address sexual harassment at workplaces, while Indira Sawhney v. Union of India upheld reservations for socially and economically backward classes, ensuring inclusive growth.

Promoting Public Interest

Public Interest Litigations (PILs) have transformed the Indian judiciary into a vehicle for social change. Through PILs, courts have addressed issues like environmental protection, child labor, and women’s safety, impacting millions of lives.

For instance, the Supreme Court’s directives in the MC Mehta cases led to significant environmental reforms, including the introduction of CNG in Delhi’s public transport to combat air pollution.

Preserving Federalism

India’s judiciary also plays a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance of power between the central and state governments. By resolving disputes related to federal relationships, the judiciary ensures the smooth functioning of India’s federal structure.

For example, the S.R. Bommai v. Union of India case established guidelines for imposing President’s Rule in states, thereby preventing its misuse and strengthening federalism.

Responding to Societal Needs

The judiciary evolves with society, adapting to new challenges and expectations. In recent years, Indian courts have addressed contemporary issues like data privacy, LGBTQ+ rights, and the right to marry a person of choice.

Judgements such as Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, which decriminalised homosexuality, illustrate how courts respond to changing societal values, promoting equality and inclusivity.

Challenges Facing the Judiciary

While the judiciary plays a crucial role in India, it is not without challenges. Issues like judicial backlog, lack of infrastructure, and delayed justice hinder its effectiveness. According to the National Judicial Data Grid, millions of cases remain pending across various courts in India. Efforts like digitalisation of court records and the establishment of fast-track courts are steps in the right direction, but much more is needed.

Conclusion: Courts as Pillars of Justice

Courts in India are more than just institutions for resolving disputes; they are vital for upholding democracy, ensuring justice, and protecting the rights of individuals. As pillars of the Indian legal system, they ensure that the Constitution remains a living document, adaptable to the needs of a dynamic society. Despite challenges, the judiciary’s role in fostering accountability, equality, and justice makes it indispensable in the world’s largest democracy.

Understanding the importance of courts reminds us that an independent and efficient judiciary is not just a necessity but a cornerstone of a just society. It is imperative for every citizen to uphold the sanctity of this institution and strive for reforms that make it even more accessible and effective.